例题解析：
阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well
How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.
Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.
Finally, though a child's teachers may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
1. Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5. A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案及解析：
1． 文章主题分析：Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well
2． 直接解题：
1. Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
1. A。
理解问题句：问题句说“与学习外语的成年人相比，儿童学习母语很容易。”。
信息划分：Compared with adults learning a foreign language（1）, children learn their native language with ease（2）
确认答案线索词：adult和 children， 因为它们是该句内容的中心。
于是我们很快在第1段的段首句中发现children， 而在随后的一句中发现adult。研究这两段的语义：How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? (与信息2的内容一致)When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language(与信息1的内容一致), we often find this interesting fact.
前一句说“为什么孩子学习他们的母语学得这么好？”，后一句接着说“当我们把孩子和学习外语的成年人比较时，我们发现了这个有趣的事实。”，依据这两句判断该问题句实际上是对原文中这两个句子的总结说明。
2. Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2． C。
理解问题句：问题句说“成年人的知识和智力阻碍了他们对外语的掌握。”
信息划分：可以把整个句子看成一层信息。
确认答案线索词：Adults' knowledge and mental powers，因为它们是该句内容的中心。
于是我们很快在第1段的第3句中发现mental powers，
A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference? 该句说“智力充分发展的成年人，在大多数的情况下，对外语的掌握是错误的和不准确的。”。而下文延伸到新话题--中谈到的是造成成年人和孩子学习外语差异的原因（Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place,..），而且问题句中的另一个核心词汇“Adults' knowledge”根本就没有出现，因此判断答案为“没提到”。
3. The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3．B．
理解问题句：问题句说“儿童母语学得好的原因只是因为他们的学习环境。” 容易察觉该问题句的说法太绝对，所以推断答案为“错误”。
信息划分：直接看成一层信息
确认答案线索词：their environment of learning， 因为该词是该句内容的关键（也是新信息）。
（第1段结尾句：）What accounts for this difference? 猜想提到的“差异”可能就是成年人和孩子在语言学习上的差异。
Despite other explanations, the real answer （与题干中的reason呼应）in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him（与their environment of learning间接呼应）.
该句给出了由两个partly引出的两个理由，不是“唯一的一个理由”，所以判断问题句“错误”。
4. Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. A。
理解问题句：问题句说“早年大量的听力练习是儿童成功地学习母语的一个原因。”
信息划分：Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life（1） partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.（2）
确认答案线索词：the first years of life， 因为它们是标志性的特征结构。
在第2段的第2句中发现相关句。In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life.该句说“早年学习母语的时间是最有益的。”，与问题句的说法基本一致（只是没有说明是否是“早年在听力方面的练习”）.（划线句的后一句）A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. 该句主要提到了“从早到晚地听母语，..正确的发音，正确的音调..”，因此该句暗示前句中提到的“早年的学习”主要就是“听母语”，因此可见信息1的内容在原文中有一致的内容，所以信息1的内容也正确
5. A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5．B。
理解问题句：问题句说“儿童学习母语的优势是可以常年上私人辅导课。”。借助常识判断该句的说法不正确。
信息划分：把该句看成一层信息。
确认答案线索词：all the year round，因为它们是标志性的特征结构。
在第3段的第1句中发现直接相关句。
Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage（该句暗示前面出现的是一个孩子具有的优势，因此判断前句（包含答案线索词的句子）很可能是直接答案相关句。）比较原句和问题句的结构，发现不同之处在于“as it were”的结构。实际上，as it were的含义是“仿佛是”。所以原文说“仿佛是”，而问题句说“是”，所以判断问题句“不正确”。
6. Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. A。
理解问题句：问题句说“手势和面部表情可能会对儿童掌握母语有帮助。”。
信息划分：Gestures and facial expressions（1） may assist a child in mastering his native language.（2）
确认答案线索词：Gestures和 facial expressions，因为它们是标志性的特征结构。
在第3段的第2句中发现直接相关句：The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions（信息1有在原文中有相应的内容出现）.
该句说“儿童学习母语的另一个优势是可以接触各种情景的母语，而且母语中还伴随了正确的手势和面部表情。”。可见原句的说法与问题句一致，所以判断问题句“正确”。
7. So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7．C。
理解问题句：问题句说“就语言教学而言，教师与学生的亲密关系比教师接受的专门培训更重要。”。
信息划分：So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher's close personal relationship with the student （1）is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.（2）
确认答案线索词：teacher， 因为它是新信息。
在文章的最后一段提到了“教师”，Finally, though a child's teachers may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal（信息1有呼应的内容）. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
但只是说“教师与学生的关系是亲密的”，但信息2的内容（比教师接受的专业的语言教学培训更重要）没有在文章中出现，所以判断该问题句“没提到”。
职称英语A/B级常见词汇：
expensive adj. 花费的；昂贵的; experience n.. 经验；体验；经历； 阅历( by experience/凭经验); experiment n. 实验；试验; expert n. (常与at, in连用)专家 (e.g.an expert in cooking/烹调方面的专家); explain v. 解释；说明; explosion n. 爆发；发出；爆炸(knowledge explosion/知识激增); expose vt. 使暴露；受到；使曝光(expose...to/使……受到); express vt. 表达；表示(express oneself/表达自己的思想, air express/特快空运); expression n. 表达；表情(without expression/毫无表情地); extend v. 扩充；延伸；伸展；扩大(extend from...to .../从……延绵); extensive adj. 广大的；广阔的；广泛的(extensive knowledge/广博的知识, extensive reading/泛读); extent n. 广度；范围；程度；区域(to a certain extent/在一定程度上, to a great extent/很大程度上, to that extent/达到那样的程度); exterior （A）adj.外部的, 外在的, 表面的； external adj.外部的, 客观的； extinct （A）adj.熄灭的, 灭绝的, 耗尽的； extra adj. 额外的; extraordinary adj. 非常的；特别的；非凡的; extreme adj. 尽头的；极端的；极度的(extreme joy/极度的高兴, hold extreme opinions/持偏激的意见); extremely adv. 极端地；非常地; facilitate （A）vt. 使容易；使容易；促进; facility n.设备；工具; fact n. 事实；实情；真相(as a matter of fact/事实上，实际上, in fact/事实上，其实); factor n. 因素; faculty n. 能力；全体教员；(大学的)系(the faculty of memory/记忆力, the students and faculty/全院师生); fail vi. 失败；不及格；忘记 vt. 使失望；舍弃；辜负；不及格(fail to do../没有……); failure n. 失败；失败者；缺乏；失灵；故障(water/power failure/停水/停电, heart failure /心力衰竭, failure of the crops/粮食的歉收); fair adj. 美丽的；公平的adv. 公平地；公正地；直接地n. 美好的事物；展览会；市集(a world’s fair世界博览会, fair and square/公正 <口>正大光明的); fairly adv. 公正地；公平地；相当地; faith n. 信任；信念； (have faith in .../相信……, break faith/背弃信仰；不守信义); fall n. 秋天；落下；瀑布；下降 vi. 倒下，落下; false adj. 错误的；虚伪的；假的；伪造的(give a false impression/给人以假象, bear[give] false witness/作假证a false coin/伪币); fame n. 名声；名望； familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的 ((be) familiar to sb. /某人所熟悉的……, be familiar with English/通晓英语); famous adj. 著名的；出名的(a famous writer/著名的作家, a famous scenic spot/名胜地); fantastic adj. 幻想的；奇异的；稀奇古怪的(fantastic dream/怪诞的梦); far adj. 远的；久远的；遥远的adv. (表示空间或时间上的距离)远；很远；遥远地(a man of far sight/目光远大的人, the Far East/远东the far past/太古时代；很久以前); fascinating adj. 迷人的；醉人的；fascinate （A）vt.使着迷, 使神魂颠倒； fashion n. 样子；方式；流行；风尚(the world of fashion/社交界behave in a strange fashion/举动奇怪); fashionable adj. 流行的；时髦的(become fashionable for a time/风靡一时); fast adj. 紧的；牢的；快速的；耐久的adv. 牢固地；很快地；紧紧地(a fast highway/高速公路); fatal adj. 不幸的；致命的；毁灭性的; fault n. 过错；缺点；故障；毛病(find fault in/看出……的缺点；找出……毛病, merits and faults/优缺点); favor n. 好感；宠爱；关切；欢心；好意；喜爱vt. 支持；赞成；照顾；喜欢(in favor of/赞成；支持); favorable （B）adj. 赞成的；有利的；赞许的；讨人喜欢的(a favorable situation/有利的形势, a favorable opportunity/好机会, a favorable wind/顺风, be favorable to a plan/赞成计划); favorite n. 特别喜欢的人；喜欢的事物adj. 喜爱的；宠爱的； fear n. 恐怖；害怕；担心v. 害怕；畏惧；为……担心; feasible （B）adj. 可行的；切实可行的; feature n. 面貌的一部分(眼、口、鼻等)特征；容貌；特色；特写vt. 是……的特色(feature films/故事片, a feature article/一篇特写); federal adj. 联邦的；联合的; fee n. 费(会费、学费等)；酬金(a license fee/牌照费, a membership fee/会费, a school [tuition] fee/学费); feed n. 饲养vt. 喂养；饲养；放牧；靠……为生(feed on/靠……为生); fertile （B）adj. 肥沃的；富饶的; fever n. 发烧；发热；狂热(have a high fever/发高烧); few adj. 很少的；不多的；少数的n. 很少数；几乎没有a few more/再多几个(a good few/相当多，不少); field n. 原野；领域；(一块)田地；运动场(the field of politics/政治领域 , an oil field/油田 ); fierce adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的；热烈的; figure n. 外形，体形；图形，画像；数字； vt.演算；认为; file n. 文件；档案；文件夹; fill vt. 装满；供应；满足(fill the heart with hope/使心里充满希望, fill (in)a form/填表, fill (up) the blanks/填空, fill a prescription/照方配药); final n. 结局；决赛；期末考试adj. 最后的；最终的；决定性的prepare for the finals/准备参加期终考试(run in the finals/参加决赛, the final round/决赛); finally adv. 最后；终于
