IV.指示代词的基本用法
5.That bridge is almost broken. ______ is not safe to cross the bridge.
a.It b.She c.This d.That(2000广州)
[提示]5.a。指示代词有单数this与that,复数these与those。this,these指离说话人较近的东西,而that,those指离说话人较远的东西。在向对方介绍某人时,要用this is...,而不用thatis...,he is或sheis...。要叙述两部分在一处的事物时,先说的要用this(these),后说的要用that(those)。在回答this,that或 these,those作主语的疑问句时,要分别用it或 they代替this,that或these,those。this /these可指后面要谈到的事,而that /those指前面提到过的事。如:He had a bad cold.That is why he didn't come to the meeting.另外,在打电话时,常用this代替“I”,that替代“you”。
V.选择疑问代词
6.— ______ blouse do you like best?
—The blue one.(2001广西)
a.Who b.Which c.Whom d.Whose
7.— ______ shirt is that on the chair?
—Let me see.Oh,no,it's not mine.(2000福建)
a.Whose b.What c.Who's d.Whom
[提示]6.b 7.a。疑问代词有who,whom , whose,what和which。它们一般放在句首,构成特殊疑问句。如:Who teaches you English?要注意的是:①who是主格,whom是宾格,口语中who可以代替whom。②whose(谁的)用来指人,它与who's同音,但用法不同。 whose既有名词性物主代词特性,在句中作表语,即“whose +be +主语?”句式;它也有形容词性物主代词特性,在句中作定语,后面加上名词。who's是who is的缩写形式,意为“谁是”,who在句中常作主语和表语。③what与 which都有选择的意思,which用于在特定范围内的人或物中进行选择,而what没有此限制。
VI.不定代词在具体语境中的用法差异在复习不定代词时,应重点掌握:
①one;it,some与any的用法辨异;
②each与every的用法辨异;
③few;little,a few与a little的异同;
④other,another,others,the other(s)与 one...the other的区别;
⑤all与both区别;
⑥neither与either区别;
⑦none与no区别;
⑧ many与much区别;
⑨形容词修饰something ,anything ,
nothing,everything等不定代词的词序问题。
8.There are quite a few old books on the shelf,but ______ of them is useful to him.(2001河南)
a.both b.all c.neither d.none
9.There are tall buildings on ______ sides of the street.(2001辽宁)
a.all b.any c.both d.either
[提示]8.d 9.c。在表述“街道(路)两边(一边)有……”时,应灵活运用both sides of the street(road),each /either side of the street(road)。each强调个别性,用于两个或两个以上的人或物中,相当于汉语的“各个”,可作定语,修饰单数名词,又可单独使用,或与of短语连用。从意义上看,each多指个别概念,即一个一个地做某事,同义的every指整体概念,相当于all。与all相反的是none,与both相反的是neither。neither作代词可单独使用,用作主语或修饰主语时谓语动词要用单数。如:Neither of them is right.而either表示“两者中的任何一个”。如:Do you speak Chinese or English?—I don't speak either.