客服中心 | 代理专区 | 网站地图 | 公司简介
首页 >> 英语资料 >> 英语语法
四级语法:替代词在比较结构中的用法辨析
来自: 作者:匿名 发布时间:2006-10-6 15:00:44
        替代词在比较结构中的用法辨析
        
        在比较结构中,为了避免重复,常用替代词替代名词词组或它的中心词。可以这样用的替代词常用的且较难掌握的有one, ones,
        that和those。
        
        I.替代词one和ones的用法:
        
        1.one只能替代单数名词,one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词。例如:
        
        My child doesn't like this book.Show her a more interesting one.
        
        2.替代词one或ones必须带有一个限定或修饰词,它们和所替代的名词中心词所指不一定是同一对象,这是替代词one或 ones在
        用法上的一个重要特征。例如:
        
        I don't like this book.I'd like a more interesting one.
        
        3.当替代词one或ones带有后置修饰语时,它们前面总有定冠词。例如:
        
        Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before.
        
        4.当替代词one或ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如this,that, which和序数词等之后,可以省略。例如:
        
        This book is much better than that(one).
        
        5.替代词one或ones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后。如不可说my one(s),your one(s),Peter's one(s)等等。
        one或 ones也不能用在own之后。
        
        但是,如果有了形容词,one(s)可以和物主代词及名词所有格连用。如:
        
        My cheap camera seems to be just as good as John's expensive one.
        
        6.one作替代词时,在of前面不能用 the one来表示所属关系和类似概念。如不可说:
        
        *He put down his gun and picked up the one of Henry.
        
        该用一个所有格来表示 He picked up Henry's.
        
        7.当两个形容词表示对照的意思时,不能使用替代词 one。仅在其中一个形容词后加上名词即可。例如:
        
        Don't praise the younger child in the presence of the elder.
        
        8.替代词 one如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既没有限定词,又没有形容词时,便不是替代名词词组的中心词,而是替代
        整个名词词组。这时,one=a+单数名词。例如:
        
        A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice.(one =a cake)
        
        one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当一个不定冠词,因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数事物,只能用some。例如:
        
        Here are a few apples.Would you like some(=some of them)?
        
        II.替代词that和those的用法:
        
        1.that和those通常用作指使代词,也可用作替代词。它们总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语,分别等于the one和 the ones。
        例如:
        
        The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor.
        
        2.that也可替代不可数名词,但是 the one则不能。例如:
        
        The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one.
        
        以上两例中的that都不能换成the one。
        
        3.that作替代词,只能指物,不能指人。those作替代词,既可指物,也可指人。例如:
        
        The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with.
        
        该句中的the one不能换成that。
        
        4.that用作替代词和它所替代的名词词组的中心词的“数”可以不一致。替代单数名词时,只替代“the +单数名词”,不可
        替代“a+单数名词”。例如:
        
        The song by Schubert is more tuneful than that by Britain.(that=the song。song为可数名词。)
        
        请注意,这里说的that只替代“the +单数名词”,不可替代“a+单数名词,系指that在句子中实际的作用,并非要求它在句
        子中所代表的前面出现的词组必须是“the +单数名词。例如:
        
        In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden.
        
        在该句中,前面出现的词组为a life,但that替代的却是the life。
        
        that作为替代词,它不能用于零关系分句(即没有关系代词的定语从句)之前。例如:
        
        The problem confronting us today is not dissimilar from that which the nation confronted in the 1930s.
互联网 www.the1.com.cn
北京数码轻舟科技发展有限公司版权所有 ICP京050055号
地址:北京市海淀区成府路35号北楼119室 邮编:100083 传真:(010)62535917
客服电话:(010)62535917 客服邮箱: