形、义相近的副词
【例如】
Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage ____. (CET-4 1998,6)
A) relatively B) actually
C) annually D) comparatively
relatively：相对地，比较地；actually：实际上；annually：每年；comparatively：比较地；根据句意：每年洪水都造成价值数十亿美元的财产损失，应选择B。
These goods are ____for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market. (CET-4 1998,6)
A) essentially B) completely C) necessarily D) remarkably
essentially：基本上；completely：完全地；necessarily：必要地；remarkably：不平常地。根据句意：这些商品基本上用于出口，尽管其中一部分也在国内市场销售，故选择A
副词在句中的位置
1)修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在前面。
2)当句子的谓语动词是行为动词时，频度副词一般放在谓语动词之前。句中有be或助动词、情态动词时，放在其后。
【例如】
I often go to the cinema on weekend with my husband. I can hardly understand him for what he said was really confusing.have never been abroad until now.
3)程度副词修饰形容词或副词，通常放在被修饰的形容词之前。但是enough总是放在所修饰的形容词或副词之后。
【例如】
The boy didn’t work hard enough. He is quite diligent. But his achievement is not good enough.
4) only的位置比较灵活,修饰哪个词，就放在哪个词的前面，以示强调。
【例如】
I only saw John yesterday. I didn’t see his wife. I have bought two kilos of potatoes only. Only in the afternoon, can you borrow books from the university library.
副词的作用与构成
副词用来修饰形容词、副词和动词。大部分副词由“形容词＋ly”构成，如：happy→happily, slow→slowly, wonderful→wonderfully等。但有些以ly结尾的词却不是形容词，而是副词，如：friendly, brotherly, likely, lonely等。有些词可以作形容词也可以作副词，如：early, late, fast, hard, low, much, near等。
一些音、形、义相近的形容词
英语中有些音、形、义非常接近的形容词，辨析这些形容词是掌握形容词用法的重点，也是大学
英语四级考试中“词汇与结构”的一个重点项目。
【例如】
No one imagined that the apparently ____professor was actually a criminal.
A) respectful B) respectable
C) respective D) respecting
respectful表示“尊敬他人的”；respectable表示“受人尊敬的”；respective则表示“各自的”； respecting常用作介词，表示“关于”。根据句意：没有人想到这个表面令人尊敬的教授实际上是个罪犯，应选 B.No one would believe his story. It was quite ____ .
A) credible B) credulous C) creditable D) incredible
credible意为“可靠的”；credulous意为“轻信的”；creditable意为“高贵的”；incredible意为“不可靠的”。根据题意应选D.句意为：没有人会相信他的故事，那是相当不可靠的。
It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manner and ____ knowledge. (CET-4 1996,1)
A) extensive B) expensive C) intensive D) expansive
extensive意思是：广博的，泛泛的；expensive意思是：贵的；intensive意思是：精深的；expansive意思是：扩大的。根据句意：一个合格的老师必须有良好的举止和广博的知识，应选择A
多个形容词修饰同一名词的顺序
有几个形容词修饰同一名词时，词序无固定规律，一般的顺序为：1)限定词(冠词/代词/数词)→2)性质→3)大小/形状/新旧/年龄/颜色→4)名词性定语(包括动名词)→5)名词。
【例如】
China is a great, modernized socialist country.
Nancy is reading an old, exciting, romantic love story.
Mary has just bought herself a pretty green cotton dress.
My sister knew a tall intelligent young American professor whom she met in college.
形容词+不定式/that从句
1)有些形容词(包括已变为形容词的分词)可以接不定式。
【例如】
I am eager to see him and tell him the truth. I am sure to pass the exam because I have made very good preparation.
这样用的形容词多是表示感情的。如：content(满意的)，afraid(害怕的)，anxious(渴望的)，lucky(幸运的)， careful(小心的)，inclined(有意的)，willing(情愿的)，sorry(难过的)，eager(热切的)，sure(肯定的)， determined(有决心的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，anxious(焦急的)等。这种句型有时为了突出形容词，还可以改为以it作形式主语的句子。
【例如】
It was wise of you to accept his advice. It was stupid of her to make such a mistake. It was unwise of me to have believed him.
2)在有些形容词后面可以跟一个that引导的从句。能这样使用的形容词如：certain(确定的)，aware (知道的)， sure (肯定的)，confident (确信的)，sorry (遗憾的)，conscious (察觉的)，afraid (担心的)， delighted (愉快的)，surprised (惊奇的)，disappointed (失望的)等。
【例如】
I am aware that I must begin now if I want to pass the test.They were disappointed that you didn’t show up at yesterday’s party. I am sorry that the Chinese soccer team was defeated again.
作表语的形容词
1)很多以a开头的形容词，如asleep, afraid, awake, alone, aware, alive, ablaze, alike等，一般只作表语。
【例如】
He was so tired that he soon fell asleep. Whether he was alive or dead in the earthquake is still unknown.2) 这类形容词有时可以放在名词后作后置定语。
【例如】
He is one of the persons alive after the flood. The old man was the only person awake at the moment. 3) 这类形容词中有些像alike(相同)，alone(单独)，amiss(差别)，afire(燃烧着)，adrift(漂流)，afloat(漂浮)， afoot(徒步)等既是表语形容词，又是副词，它们的用法不同。
【例如】 The twins look so much alike that it is difficult to distinguish one from the other. My brother and I alike are funs of pop music.
4)一些表示身体健康情况的形容词，如ill, well, unwell, fit, poorly等，一般作表语。
【例如】
I don’t feel well. I need to go to see the doctor. How to keep fit is a popular topic these days
形容词的位置
单个形容词修饰名词的时候，一般前置。但是下列情况下形容词却要后置。
1)当形容词修饰由some,no,any,加上thing,body,one构成的复合代词时，总是后置。
【例如】
I have something urgent to do, so I have to go now.
There must be something wrong with him.
2)以able或ible结尾的形容词与all, every, only或形容词最高级连用时，常常后置。
【例如】
These are the best books available in the university library. Paris is one of the most beautiful cities imaginable.
3)形容词词组常后置。
【例如】
I know a
girl good at singing.
