(2)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词
        Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of
        patient do not take drugs ___ directed.(1996.1)
        A. like B. so C. which D. as
        由上下文的意思可以看出，分词所做的是方式状语，连词应该是as。
        9) 非谓语动词的体
        非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体，即having done, having been done和being done，完成体只用于做状语的场合，而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。
        动名词的体也有having done, having been done和 being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。
        不定式的体有to be doing 和to have done，主要用于pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to等结构中。如：
        ① The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.(1997.6)
        A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
        having told在句中做介词宾语，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。
        ② I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem ____ all the time.(1997.1)
        A. to get worse B. to be getting worse C. to have got worse D. getting worse
        从all the time的使用可以推断get worse是一个渐变过程，所以用不定式的进行体。
        ③ The speech _____ a lively discussion started.(1995.1)
        A. being delivered B. was delivered C. be delivered D. having been delivered
        该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语，状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以应该用完成体，答案为D。
        10）动名词复合结构
        动名词符合结构可以做主语、宾语和表语，在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主语包括进来，形成动名词的复合结构：
        ① _____ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents
        wished for.(1999.1)
        A. The girl was educated B. The girl educated
        C. The girl’s being educated D. The girl to be educated
        本题涉及题眼比较多，A，为从句做主语，但缺少that，D为不定式做主语，但缺少for(for the girl to be educated)，B结构不能做主语，答案是C，为动名词的复合结构。
        ② Ann never dreams of _____ for her to be sent abroad very soon.
        A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance
        C. there be a chance D. being a chance
        介词后用动名词，表示存在时必须用there be句型，所以答案为A，这也是动名词复合结构，there为动名词的逻辑主语。
        ③ I don’t mind _____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
        A. you to delay making B. your delaying making
        C. you delaying to make D. you delay to make (2000.1)
        Mind要求接动名词,动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词，答案自然是B。
        ④ I would appreciate _____ it a secret.(1995.6)
        A. your keeping B. you to keep C. that you keep D. that you will keep
        本题与上一题类似，答案是A。
        2．非谓语动词解题策略
        1）正确判断非谓语动词
        这类题一般出现在独立主格结构中，如果在选项与句子之间没有连词，则说明，所选为独立主格结构，既名词或主格代词 + 分词。
        All things ______, the planned trip will have to be called off.
        A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. having considered (1998.6)
        句子没有连词，说明所选结构不属于从句，那么就是独立主格做状语，根据动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系为动宾关系，答案应该是A。
        ____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.(1997.6)
        A. Other things being equal B. Were other things equal C. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal
        做状语的可以是从句，但B的结构是虚拟条件，与这里不符，不表目的，C不对，不表将来，独立主格中非谓语动词不能是不定式，答案为A。
        4） 判断动名词复合结构的方式
        主语位置上，或动词、介词后的名词代词 + 非谓语动词，如果表示的是一个事件则是动名词复合结构，而不是名词 + 定语。请看以下各例：
        He insisted on the windows _____ open while he was sleeping.
        A. left B. being left C. leaving D. be left
        insist on后不接从句，D可以排除。这里表达的是坚持要求开着窗子睡觉，所以应该是动名词复合结构，答案为B。
        The road __________ caused us to be for our work for half an hour.
        A. blocked B. was blocked C. blocking D. being blocked
        做主语的表示上班迟到的原因，自然应该是交通堵塞，而不是被堵的道路，所以还是动名词复合结构，答案为D。
        The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son _________ to college.
        A. had been admitted B. admitted C. having been admitted D. having admitted
        消息表达的应该是个事件，说明不是被录取的孩子，介词of后不可能接从句，说明of后为动名词的复合结构，答案是C。
        3） 注意分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系
        正确判断非谓语动词与起逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是做什么成分的非谓语动词都体现以下特点：
        如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词；
        如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词；
        如果表示将来，则用动词不定式。
        这是非谓语动词运用的基本原则，然后再根据其不同的作用，掌握其更细的规则。如：
        (1)做定语时
        做定语的可以是动名词、分词或不定式。动名词做前置定语，所构成的大多为固定短语，四级考试一般不涉及。主要考查分词和不定式做定语。分词或不定式做定语一般做后置定语。
        ① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city’s
        telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.
        A. accomplished B. being accomplished C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished
        ② Hard work ____ on time will lead to better grades.(1995.1)
        A. done B. be done C. having done D. to have been done
        ③ As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _____ 50 households
        or more.(1998.1)
        A. having B. to haveC. to have had D. having had
        ④ Those _____ to the conference were mostly famous scientists.
        A. invited B. were invited C. inviting D. to invite
        做定语的非谓语动词有一下几种形式：
        doing 结构:分词与中心词之间是主谓关系,表示正在进行,或状态。如③
        being done结构：分词与中心词之间是动宾关系，表示被动和正在进行，如：No one is to enter the building being repaired.
        to be done结构：不定式与中心词之间是动宾关系，表示将来和被动，如①。
        done结构：分词与中心词之间是动宾关系，表示被动、完成或一般，如②④。
        to do结构：不定式与中心词之间是主谓关系，表示将来。如：The professor to give us a speech tomorrow is said to have compiled many scientific works.
        完成形式不能做定语，包括分词的完成形式和不定式的完成形式。
        (2)做状语
        做状语的可以是不定式，也可以是分词。大体结构有：
        doing 结构：分词与句子主语为主谓关系，表示与谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生，或是同时存在的状态。如：
        ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.
        A. Having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being believed
        done结构：只要分词与句子主语间是动宾关系就可以用过去分词，可以表示完成，可以表示正在进行，也可以表示条件。如：
        _______ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.
        A. Too look at B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at (2000.1)
        He came in, followed by a group of reporters.
        having done结构：分词与句子主语是主谓关系，切发生在谓语动词之前。Having seen the film already, I declined his invitation to go to the cinema.
        having been done 结构：该结构表示完成被动，即分词与句子主语之间是动宾关系，切发生在谓语动词之前。如： Having been showed many times, he still didn’t understand the operation of the machine.
        to do 结构：这是不定式结构，在句中可以做目的状语，也可以做结果状语，但不定式动作总是发生在谓语动词之后。如：
        _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master’s degree.