念，就可以不一定用被动语态。
        2．关于疲倦困乏
        He was doneup afterthe long ride． ALD
        He was knocked uP after the longsteen climb． _____ ALD
        He was almost fagged out． ______ ALD
        I’m completely exhausted．____LDCE
        I was spent with the fatigue of the voyage．
        汉语说累了、累垮了极普通。如说由于某种原因而累了、累垮了，至少在结构上不用被动语态。这和第一类的例子是一致的。
        3．关于喜悦、高兴
        I was delighted to hear the news of your success．_____ALD
        We’re very pleased to see you here．_____ALD
        On hearing of the victory，the nation was transported with joy．_____ALD
        She was enchanted with the flowers you sent her． _____ALD
        The children were fascinated by the toys in the shopwindows．_____ ALD
        汉语如说被高兴，将不成文理，说使……高兴或为……高兴，那也不能照英语被动语态去处理。事实上这头一句
        话照汉语是我高兴地听到……这虽带点欧化，但目前也通行了。最常见的恐怕还是听到……我高兴。无论如何。汉语说高兴，不能如英语那样用被动语态。
        4．关于阻塞、拖延：
        We’re been held up by fog． _____ ALD
        The mountain roads were obstructed by falls of rock．_____ALD
        The train was delayed two hours． _____ALD
        I was hindered from getting here．____ALD
        The harbour was blocked by ice．_____ALD
        这第二句ALD英汉双解本译成山路被落下石头所阻塞。严格地说这句译文似乎欠流畅，尤其不能用于口语。当然，凡是阻力，总是外来的阻力，施于受事的主语，主语处于被动地位，但汉语不能采取英语的被动语态形式而完全不加变动。
        5、关于习惯
        He is quite used to hard work．____ALD
        This is not the kind of treatment I am accustomed to． _____ALD
        He is addicted to smoking． _____ALD
        The old soldier was inured to danger． ____LDCE
        He is given to long walks． _____LDCE
        英语中有些动词，由于常用于被动语态，词典中对它们的分词（participle）形式另立专条著录，成为独立的词，其功能相当于形容词。以上例句中的动词就是典型的例子。例如，词典一般既有use这一专条（不定式动词），又有 used；既有 accustom，又有 accustomed；既有 give，又有given。但如inure及addict，在 ALD上只注明常用于被动（usu．passive），尚未另立inured和 addicted专条，其他词典也大体是这样，虽然addicted还可以作为形容词，看成是独立的词条。然而不管这些词是否带有形容词的性质，在上面的句子中却具有被动语态的作用。
        6．关于苦恼、心烦意乱
        He was annoyed to learn that the train would be delayed．____ALD
        She is easily upset emotionally．____ALD
        He was vexed at his failure． ____ ALD
        He was disturbed to hear of your illness．______ALD
        I felt harassed by all the work of the office．_____LDCE
        苦恼等情绪当然是引起的，因此英语中的被动语态似乎说明了是由于什么引起的，但要注意第一句She is easily upset emotionally．不必指出原因。
        7．关于惊讶或震惊
        I was astonished to see him there． ____ALD
        I’m surprised he didn’t come．_____ALD
        He was shocked to hear his daughter swearing． _____ALD
        He was startled to see him looking so ill．_____ALD
        He was astounded when he heard he had won．_____ALD
        一个正常的人无故不会大惊小怪。但是我们说吃惊、大吃一惊或使……吃惊和使……大吃一惊等也就够了，不
        同于英语的被动表现形式。
        8．关于围绕、包围
        His land is fenced with barbed wire．____ALD
        Troy was besieged by the Greeks for ten years．_____ALD
        The troops were surrounded．_____ALD
        The cliffedge is dangerous and should be railed．_____LDCE
        Japan is compassed about by the ocean．____LDCE
        对于以上第二句，第三句及第五句，汉语是可以用被包围这类说法的，但对第一句的is fenced with，如说有篱笆围住就行了，不一定要说被用篱笆围住。至于第四句中should be railed，英语的被动语态在汉语中也难以表达。我们通常说：应该用栏杆围起来，或应该把它用栏杆围起来，而不是应该被用栏杆围起来。
        9．关于玷污、污染
        His reputation is tarnished．_____ALD
        My car was mired． ____ ALD
        The river was contaminated with water from the factory. ____ LDCE
        Your fingers are stained with ink．
        That cheese is mildewed．
        和第三句的contaminated意义近似的动词如pollute及 defile等，也常用于被动语态。我们说，出污泥而不染，不是……而不被染。
        10．关于惶惑、慌乱
        I was confounded to hear that． ____ALD
        They sked so many questions that I got confused． _____ALD
        Tom was bewildered by the examination questions．____ALD
        He was puzzled what to do next． ____ ALD
        The Cabinet Ministers are perplexed as to what to do．
        以上可和第六和第七两类联系起来看。
        综观以上的例子，我们觉得中国学生学英语不只是要记住动词被动语态的形式，尤其要留心，在什么情况下，英语一定比汉语更常用被动语态；要留心哪些动词是这样用的，哪些动词虽有各种不同用法，但专指某一特殊意义时一定用被动形式。有些特殊被动语态，几乎习语化了，也是不可忽视的，如下面两个句子：
        My hints were lost upon him．___ ALD
        My advice was thrown away upon him．___ALD
        下面这类以it开头的被动语态，初学者不会使用的大有人在，以致语言死板，并违反英语习惯。
        It is observed that…
        It may be observed that…
        It will be observed that…
        It remains to be observed that…
        如此等等。他们只知说We may observe that…之类，因为这与汉语结构接近。
        短语动词的被动语态
        　
        英语中的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。有些短语动词在意义上相当于及物动词，因此也可构成被动语态。
        短语动词被看成一个整体，是固定词组，所以构成被动语态时不可分开。其被动语态构成方法与普通的及物动词的被动语态的构
        成方法相同。如：
        1．动词+介词
        He will be operated on by the best surgeon． 他将由最好的外科医生给他动手术。
        This matter has been carefully looked into． 此事已得到仔细调查。
        He is often laughed at by his classmates． 他经常被同学嘲笑。
        2．动词 + 副词
        These problems have been seriously thought over． 这些问题已得到认真考虑。
        The lights are turned off at 11 pm every day． 每天晚上11点钟关灯。
        The fire was soon put out． 那场大火很快被扑灭。
        3．动词+副词+介词
        These privileges should be done away with． 此类特权应该被取消。
        Women were looked down upon in the past． 妇女过去受到歧视。
        The lost time must be made up for. 失去的时间必须补回来。
        4．动词+名词+介词
        The children have been taken good care of． 这些孩子得到了很好的照料。
        What they did have been paid great attention to． 他们所做的一切已得到极大的关注。
        Time is precious and should be made full use of. 时间宝贵，应该充分利用。