11.23 一般现在时代替过去时
        
        1 )书上说，报纸上说等。
        　 The newspaper says that it’s going to be cold tomorrow.
        　 报纸上说明天会很冷的。
        2) 叙述往事，使其生动。
        　 Napoleon’s army now advances and the great battle begins.
        11.24 一般现在时代替完成时
        
        1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时：
        hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say,　remember.
        　I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.
        　I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.
        2) 句型 It is … since…代替It has been … since …
        3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met.